Jaisa ki hum sab jaante hai ki Shia Isna Asheri Fiqh jise Fiqh e Jafri bhi kaha jaata hai, iski buniyaad Quraan aur Ahlebait (a) par rakhi gai hai aur ise samjhne ke liye ek raah hai jise Ijtihaad kaha jaata hai.
Ijtihad karne ke liye ek taweel rasta hai jisme kam se kam 20 saal ki padhai ke baad Dars-e-Kharij dene aur alag alag mujtahedin ke Dars-e-Kharij attend kar ke hi is field me aage badha ja sakta hai.
Kya ek hadis dekh kar Mujtahid ke fatwe par ungli uthai ja sakti hai jise sadir karne se pehle ek Mujtahid hazaro hadiso ko refer karta hai aur uski sanad, rijal aur bahot se pehlu dekh kar fatwa deta hai?
Bilkul nahi! kyuki hum sirf ek hadis dekh rahe hai balki apna fatwa dene se pehle Mujtahid ko ise apne Dars-e-Kharij me bahot se Mujtahedin ke saamne prove karna padta hai.
Humari Fiqh me bahot se Mujtahedin ke bilkul alag alag fatwe hote hai lekin isse aapas me koi takraao nahi paida hota.
Kuch misaal is tarah se hai: 👇🏼👇🏼👇🏼
✅ Namaz-e-Juma ke waqt ko le kar sabhi Mujtahedin ka manna hai ki Zawaal se kaafi waqt hone tak bhi hum Juma ada kar sakte hai lekin Ayatullah Sistani ke fatwe ke hisab se Zawaal se qareebtar agar Jume ka Khutbe ka aaghaz hona chahiye.
Ayatullah Sistani ka ye masla unke ustaad Ayatullah Khoei se alag hai. Isi tarah chand ka masla bhi hai. In maslo me alag alag Mujtahid apni research ke tahat Shia hadiso ki kitab me research karte hai aur uski sanad ke aetebar se hadis ke sahi ya galat hone ke natije par pahuchte hai phir apna fatwa dete hai.
✅ Peacock ka gosht khana:
Kuch hadis me aata hai ki humare Aaimma (a) ne Peacock ka gosht khana haram qarar diya hai.
Masalan, Imam Mohammed Baqir (as) farmate hai ki Peacock aur Khargosh ka gosht khana haraam hai (Mana Yazar ul Faqih, hadith No 4197).
Lekin Ayatullah Sistani ke fatwe ke hisab se Peacock ka gosht khana halal hai (Masla No. 2633 - Slaughtering and hunting of animals » Rules of things allowed to eat and drink).
Ayatullah Sistani ne zarur wo hadise padhi hogi jisme Peacock ka gosht haram hai lekin unki research me bahot si aisi hadis bhi guzri hogi jisme Peacock ka gosht khane me harj nahi jis par Ayatullah Sistani ne apna Ijtihad kiya jiski bina par unhone ye fatwa diya jo ki bilkul sahi hai aur isme shak ki koi gunjaish nahi ki ja sakti.
✅ Chess ka masla:
Peacock ke gosht ki tarah Chess khelne ka masla bhi hai.
Kuch hadis me Chess khelne ko mana kiya gaya hai lekin bahot se Mujtahedin jin me Ayatullah khamenei, Ayatullah Nasir Makarem Shirazi aur dusre Mujtahid shamil hai; ye kehte hai ki agar Chess par gambling na ki jaae to iske khelne me harj nahi. Is masle me bhi Mujtahedin apni research saikdo hadiso par based rakhte hai jo is tarah ki chizo ke liye milti hai.
Ye natija bhi Ijtihad aur Dars-e-Kharij ke baad nikala gaya hai.
✅ Music ka Masla:
Music ke liye bhi bahot si hadise hai jinme iske istemaal ko haram qarar diya gaya hai lekin Mujtahedin ne do qism ke Music ki baat ki hai 1. Halal Music aur 2. Haram Music jo bahot si hadiso me aata hai, jiske tahat Mujtahid kisi faisle par pahuchta hai.
Ayatullah Sistani aur Ayatullah Khamenei dono is mamle me same fatwa dete hai.
✅ Tashhud me Shahadat-e-Salisa:
Kuch log Hadis le kar aate hai ki Namaz ke Tashhud me Shahadat-e-Salisa padna jayaz hai.
Is hadis ko Mujtahid ne bhi padha hoga lekin unki nazar se is mauzu par hazaro hadise guzri hogi aur unke deep research se ye prove nahi hota ki ye padh sakte hai.
Isiliye Ayatullah Sistani ke nazdik Shahadat-e-Salisa Namaz me padna sahi nahi hai.
Upar di hue kuch misaale hai jo ye batate hai ki Ijtihad aur Dars-e-Kharij ek alag field hai jaha ek do hadis jaanne se kaam khatm nahi ho jaata balki ek Mujtahid apni saari zindagi de kar us maqam tak pahuchta hai ki apni Research aur dusre Mujtahedin ke saath behas o mubahisa kar ke kisi natije par pahuche.
Agar kisi Mujtahid ka fatwa hume batai gai Hadis se match nahi karta, iska matlab ye nahi ki Mujtahid ka fatwa galat hai. Balki hum abhi tak us field se bahot dur hai aur hum us masle me comment nahi kar sakte.
Nahi to Ayatullah Khamenei ke saath saath Ayatullah Sistani aur Ayatullah Makarem Shirazi galat sabit ho jaaege.
Mujtahid par apna comment sadir karne se pehle hume do baar soch lena chahiye ki hum kis shaksiyat ke muqable me apna muh khol rahe hai.
Yehi Mujtahid aaj saari duniya me Shi'at ki tarweej, tabligh aur hifazat kar rahe hai.
Allah hume Mujtahedin ki qadr karne aur unki izzat karne ki taufeeq ata kare.
